The Group provides benefits for its permanent employees through the Telkom Pension Fund and the Telkom Retirement Fund. Membership to one of the funds is compulsory. In addition, certain retired employees receive medical aid benefits and a telephone rebate. The liabilities for all of the benefits are actuarially determined in accordance with accounting requirements each year. In addition, statutory funding valuations for the retirement and pension funds are performed at intervals not exceeding three years.

Actuarial valuations were performed by qualified actuaries to determine the benefit obligation, plan asset and service costs for the pension and retirement funds for each of the financial periods presented.

General information applicable to all funds
The weighted average duration of all the post-employment benefit obligations is 10 years (31 March 2020: 10 years).

The next full valuations for all funds will be performed at 31 March 2022.

The Telkom Pension Fund
The Telkom Pension Fund is a defined benefit fund that was created in terms of the Post Office Amendment Act, 85 of 1991.

The latest actuarial valuation performed at 31 March 2021 indicates that the pension fund is in a surplus position of R121 million (31 March 2020: R93 million). The recognition of the surplus is limited due to the application of the asset limitation criteria in IAS 19 (Employee Benefits). The Telkom Pension Fund is closed to new members. The pension plan exposes the Group to actuarial risks, such as longevity, currency, interest rate and market risk.

Funding arrangements
The Telkom Pension Fund invests its funds in South Africa and internationally. Two fund managers invest in South Africa and globally through their balanced funds. The Telkom Pension Fund is a closed defined benefit fund which no new employees can join.

There is no material investment in Telkom shares included in the Telkom Pension Fund asset.

Principal actuarial assumptions were as follows:
Assumptions regarding future mortality are based on mortality tables. The current longevities underlying the values of the liabilities in the defined benefit plan are as follows:

The total estimated contributions to be paid to the pension fund by the employer for the year ending 31 March 2022 is R0.5 million.

The Telkom Retirement Fund
The Telkom Retirement Fund was established on 1 July 1995 as a hybrid defined benefit and defined contribution plan. Existing employees were given the option to either remain in the Telkom Pension Fund or to be transferred to the Telkom Retirement Fund. All pensioners of the Telkom Pension Fund and employees who retired after 1 July 1995 were transferred to the Telkom Retirement Fund. Upon transfer, the government ceased to guarantee the deficit in the Telkom Retirement Fund. Subsequent to 1 July 1995, further transfers of existing employees occurred. As from 1 September 2009 all new appointments are on a defined contribution scheme. These members would be required to purchase their pensions from an insurance company.

The pensioner pool of the Telkom Retirement Fund only consists of pensioners and is funded through a liability-driven investment strategy (LDI). Pensioner increases are subject to affordability, targeting 100% of CPI.

Telkom guarantees any actuarial shortfall of the pensioner pool in the retirement fund. This liability is initially funded through assets of the retirement fund.

The Telkom Retirement Fund is governed by the Pension Funds Act, 24 of 1956. In terms of section 37A of this Act, the pension benefits payable to the pensioners cannot be reduced. Therefore, if the present value of the funded obligation was to exceed the fair value of plan assets, Telkom would be required to fund the statutory deficit.

The retirement fund exposes the Group to actuarial risks, such as longevity, currency, interest rate and market risk.

Funding arrangements
The Telkom Retirement Fund Pensioner portfolio’s strategic asset allocation (SAA) is determined by an Asset Liability Model (ALM) based on the fund’s unique liabilities, as determined by its member data and fund rules. The SAA is a reflection of the fund's targeted post-retirement interest rate (PRI), and the investment strategy is built around the target of providing consistent annual pension increases of between 70% to 100% of CPI.

The total estimated contributions to be paid to the Telkom Retirement Fund by the employer for the year ending 31 March 2022 is R479 million.

Medical benefits
Telkom makes certain contributions to medical funds in respect of current and retired employees. The scheme is a defined benefit plan. The expense in respect of current employees' medical aid is disclosed in note 6.1. The amounts due in respect of post-retirement medical benefits to current and retired employees have been actuarially determined and provided for as set out in note 27. Telkom has terminated future post-retirement medical benefits in respect of employees joining after 1 July 2000.

There are three major categories of members entitled to the post-retirement medical aid: pensioners who retired before 1994 (Pre-94); those who retired after 2013; and the in-service members. The pensioners retiring post 2013 and the in-service members' liability are subject to a rand cap, which increases as per the board's approval.

Eligible employees must be employed by Telkom until retirement age to qualify for the post-retirement medical aid benefit. The most recent actuarial valuation of the benefit was performed as at 31 March 2021.

Telkom has allocated certain investments to fund this liability as set out in note 15.2. The annuity policy of the sinking fund investment is the medical plan asset. The Group is entitled to a refund of the full surplus in the annuity policy once all the beneficiaries have been paid. As such, the Group has recognised the full asset.

The medical aid plan exposes the Group to actuarial risks, such as longevity, currency, interest rate and market risk.

All equity securities and government bonds have quoted prices in active markets.

Funding arrangements
The general funding arrangements from the plan assets are to maximise long term capital growth and long term total return on Telkom's portfolio. The portfolios are managed as a segregated portfolio which includes international investments. The investment objective is to provide an absolute return, measured over a 36-month period, in excess of CPI-X plus 5% per annum. The funding arrangements of the plan assets are driven by designated asset managers to manage Telkom's portfolios by applying a flexible approach, which includes holding equities, property, fixed income or money market assets as part of the investment strategy, in variable weightings, at any point in time.

The total estimated contributions to be paid to the post-retirement medical aid by the employer for the year ending 31 March 2022 is Rnil as the liability is currently significantly overfunded.

Telephone rebates
Telkom provides telephone rebates to its pensioners who joined prior to 1 August 2009. The most recent actuarial valuation was performed as at 31 March 2021. Eligible employees must be employed by Telkom until retirement age to qualify for the telephone rebates. The scheme is a defined benefit plan.

The telephone rebate benefit exposes the Group to actuarial risks, such as longevity, currency, interest rate and market risk.

Share scheme
Telkom's shareholders approved the Telkom forfeitable share plan (FSP) and the additional share award (ASA) at the September 2013 annual general meeting.

The FSP is made up of the long-term incentive plan (LTIP) and the employee share ownership plan (ESOP).

In the FSP, employees acquire shareholder rights on the grant date on the forfeitable shares (these include dividends and voting rights).

An employee turnover assumption of 1.87% to 8.64% has been used in calculating the expected number of shares that will vest. The turnover relates to the various entities within the Group.

The vesting timelines and principal assumptions used in calculating the expected number of shares that will vest for the Telkom share plan are as follows:

The vesting timelines and principal assumptions used in calculating the expected number of shares that will vest for the BCX share plan are as follows:

The vesting timelines and principal assumptions used in calculating the expected number of shares that will vest for the Yellow Pages share plan are as follows:

The vesting timelines and principal assumptions used in calculating the expected number of shares that will vest for the Gyro share plan are as follows:

The probabilities were independently verified by the actuaries.

Certain BCX employees were granted shares in terms of a BCX share plan. Based on the BCX Group achieving the performance condition, the shares will vest between the 2021 and 2025 financial years.

Certain Yellow Pages employees were granted shares in terms of a Yellow Pages share plan. Based on Yellow Pages achieving the performance condition, the shares will vest between the 2021 and 2023 financial years.

Certain Gyro employees were granted shares in terms of a Gyro share plan. Based on Gyro achieving the performance condition, the shares will vest between the 2021 and 2025 financial years.

In order for the vesting to occur, the targets (including performance conditions) must be met. The targets are measured in each financial year after the grant date.

The weighted average remaining vesting period for all the shares outstanding as at 31 March 2021 is 0.74 years (31 March 2020: 1.41 years). The following table illustrates the movement of the maximum number of shares that were granted to employees:

In relation to market-related performance criteria, IFRS 2 requires a fair value to be placed on employee share grants/options. Fair value is measured as the market price of the entity's share grants/options adjusted for the terms and conditions applicable to the grant/option. Since employee share grants/ options are not traded, there is no market price available. For this reason, the fair value of the grants/options must be determined by using an option pricing model.

The key performance indicators related to the share scheme are Net Promoter Score targets, headline earnings per share, free cash flow, return on invested capital and total shareholder return.

The share price volatility is based on the five–year average volatility observed for the Telkom share price.